Mitral Valve Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Mitral Valve Stenosis is a heart condition that affects how blood flows through the heart. When the mitral valve becomes too narrow, it can cause serious health problems. Early detection and proper treatment of Mitral Valve Stenosis are important for a healthy life. In this blog, you will learn about its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

What is Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Mitral Valve Stenosis happens when the mitral valve in your heart becomes too tight or narrow. Because of this, blood cannot flow easily from the left upper chamber to the left lower chamber of the heart. As a result, the heart has to work harder to pump blood. Over time, this can lead to more serious heart problems.

Causes of Mitral Valve Stenosis

There are several reasons why someone may develop Mitral Valve Stenosis. Some causes are more common than others. Below are the main causes:

Rheumatic fever: This is the most common cause. It can damage the mitral valve after a throat infection.

Calcium buildup: Sometimes, calcium deposits form on the valve as people age.

Congenital heart defect: Some people are born with a narrow mitral valve.

Radiation therapy: Rarely, treatment for cancer near the chest can affect the valve.

Symptoms of Mitral Valve Stenosis

Many people may not notice symptoms at first. However, as the condition gets worse, symptoms can appear. Watch for these signs:

Shortness of breath, especially during activity or when lying down

Feeling tired or weak

Swelling in the feet or ankles

Irregular or fast heartbeat

Chest discomfort or pain

Coughing, sometimes with blood

Frequent respiratory infections

How is Mitral Valve Stenosis Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tests to find out if you have Mitral Valve Stenosis. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications. Common diagnostic methods include:

Physical exam: The doctor listens to your heart for unusual sounds called murmurs.

Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create pictures of your heart and valves.

Electrocardiogram (ECG): It checks your heart’s rhythm and electrical activity.

Chest X-ray: This shows the size and shape of your heart and lungs.

Cardiac catheterization: In some cases, doctors use a thin tube to check blood flow and pressure in your heart.

Treatment Options for Mitral Valve Stenosis

Treatment depends on how severe the condition is. Some people need only regular check-ups, while others may need medicine or surgery. Here are common treatment options:

Medications: Doctors may prescribe drugs to reduce symptoms. These can include water pills (diuretics), blood thinners, or medicines to control heart rate.

Balloon valvuloplasty: In this procedure, a small balloon is used to widen the valve.

Surgery: Sometimes, doctors repair or replace the mitral valve if other treatments do not work.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Even though you may not prevent all cases, you can lower your risk and manage symptoms. Try these tips:

Take all prescribed medicines as directed

Eat a heart-healthy diet with less salt

Stay active, but avoid heavy exercise unless your doctor says it is safe

Keep regular doctor appointments

Tell your doctor if you have a sore throat or fever

Practice good dental hygiene to prevent infections

When to See a Doctor

serious problems. Watch for:

Shortness of breath that gets worse

Swelling in your legs or feet

Chest pain or discomfort

Irregular or fast heartbeat

If you have any of these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider right away.

Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on Mitral Valve Stenosis. for Dr. Pradheep K Rachakonda.