Introduction

Rheumatic valvular disease is a heart condition that affects the valves. It often develops after a person has had rheumatic fever. This disease can lead to heart valve damage from rheumatic fever, which may cause serious health problems. Because heart valves help control blood flow, their proper function is vital for a healthy heart. Understanding rheumatic valvular disease is important for early detection and better heart health.

What is Rheumatic Valvular Disease?

Rheumatic valvular disease happens when the heart valves are damaged by rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is an illness that can follow a throat infection caused by certain bacteria. Over time, this damage can make it hard for the valves to open and close properly. As a result, the heart may not pump blood as well as it should. This condition is also called rheumatic heart disease when it affects the heart’s structure or function.

Causes and Risk Factors

Rheumatic valvular disease starts with a throat infection called strep throat. If strep throat is not treated, it can lead to rheumatic fever. This fever can then harm the heart valves. Several factors increase the risk of getting this disease:

Untreated or repeated strep throat infections

Poor access to medical care

Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions

Family history of rheumatic fever

Additionally, children between ages 5 and 15 are more likely to get rheumatic fever. However, anyone can be affected if exposed to the bacteria.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of rheumatic valvular disease may not appear right away. Sometimes, they develop years after the initial infection. Still, it is important to know the signs. Common symptoms include:

Shortness of breath, especially during activity

Chest pain or discomfort

Swelling in the legs or feet

Feeling tired or weak

Irregular or fast heartbeat

Sometimes, people may also notice a heart murmur, which is an unusual sound heard by a doctor using a stethoscope. If you notice these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice.

How is Rheumatic Valvular Disease Diagnosed?

Doctors use several steps to diagnose rheumatic valvular disease. First, they ask about your medical history and symptoms. Next, they perform a physical exam. During this exam, they may listen for a heart murmur. To confirm the diagnosis, doctors may use tests such as:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check heart rhythm

Echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) to see valve damage

Chest X-ray to look at heart size

Blood tests to check for signs of infection or inflammation

Early diagnosis helps prevent further heart valve damage and improves treatment outcomes.

Treatment Options

Treatment for rheumatic valvular disease depends on the severity of valve damage. The main goals are to reduce symptoms and prevent more damage. Common treatments include:

Antibiotics to prevent repeat strep infections

Medicines to control symptoms, such as diuretics for swelling

Blood thinners if there is a risk of blood clots

Regular check-ups with a cardiologist

In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair or replace the damaged valve. Your doctor will discuss the best treatment plan for you.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

There are steps you can take to lower your risk of rheumatic valvular disease. For example, treating strep throat quickly with antibiotics can prevent rheumatic fever. Other helpful tips include:

Practice good hand hygiene to avoid infections

See a doctor if you have a sore throat that lasts more than a few days

Take all prescribed antibiotics as directed

Attend regular health check-ups, especially if you had rheumatic fever before

By following these steps, you can help prevent rheumatic valve problems and protect your heart.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice symptoms like shortness of breath, chest pain, or swelling, you should see a doctor. Early treatment can prevent serious heart problems. Also, if you have had rheumatic fever in the past, regular check-ups are important. Do not wait for symptoms to get worse before seeking help.

Conclusion

“Rheumatic valvular disease is a serious heart condition, but early care can make a big difference. If you notice any symptoms or have a history of rheumatic fever, consult Dr. Pradheep K Rachakonda, a skilled cardiac surgeon, for personalized advice. Protect your heart by staying informed and seeking timely medical care.”